With an allergy in the body, a distortion of immune responses occurs, which causes it to produce antibodies to harmless substances from the external environment, including food. A diet for allergies helps to reduce the tension of immunity in the presence of violations of its work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or if it has not yet been formed (in infants).The article provides a list of hypoallergenic foods, a list of foods that should not be eaten, nutritional recommendations for nursing mothers.
Hypoallergenic products
Food is foreign to the body in terms of the structure of its DNA, but this does not normally cause reactions. Even with a sufficient amount of enzymes, some protein molecules do not go through complete fermentation to amino acids, and can be absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, causing allergies. An allergy diet is made up of such products. These are vegetables, grains and fruits that grow in the human region, do not have a bright red color, and do not contain many of the proteins and immune agents of the animals from which they were obtained.
When it comes to food allergies, remember thatyou can't eat these foods:
Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.The reaction to these products is accompanied by cross-allergy to legumes. They are usually triggered by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.
Semi-finished products, smoked products.They contain preservatives, food additives that cause both true and pseudo-allergic reactions. When smoked, a lot of carcinogens are formed.
Mushrooms.Rich in protein and difficult to ferment, contain chitin and glucans in the cell wall.
Legumes(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - are known as a rich source of vegetable proteins, which serve as allergens.
Milk.In addition to the casein protein, milk contains antibodies to create passive immunity in the young of the animals from which it is obtained (cows, goats, etc. ).
Eggs.They contain albumin protein and other nutrients necessary for the development of the bird embryo and can cause a reaction.
Fish and seafood.The presence of a protein M-antigen resistant to heat treatment was established in them.
Cross allergy(vegetables and fruits). If the patient is allergic to pollen, then reactions occur to fruits and vegetables that have pollen similar in structure or that belong to the same genus (poplar, willow, apples). When reacting to pollen, it is easier to determine exactly which foods to eliminate.
Meat.It contains a lot of protein, but usually due to denaturation during its preparation, the ability to sensitize is greatly reduced.
Cereals,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.
Pseudallergic reactions and some hypervitaminosis have manifestations similar to allergies. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms at the first entry of foreign peptides into the body, and the dependence of the severity of the deterioration of the patient's condition on the amount of food eaten. Such reactions appear on fruits and vegetables that are bright red, sometimes orange (tomato, pomegranate, citrus fruits, strawberries).
What to eat - food list
Hypoallergenicdiet requires the elimination of first-order allergens(exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, nuts, coffee, honey, seafood, eggs, fish and milk with its derivatives - powdered milk and cheeses), andmoderate consumption of secondary allergens(cereals - wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; legumes; potatoes; currants; cranberries; apricots; lingonberries; fatty meats with rich broths from them; herbal tinctures).
The following types of food are allowed:
Lean meat;
food subject to partial fermentation during cooking;
products specific to the place of residence;
white and green vegetables;
offal;
cereals.
Grocery list
Hypoallergenic productsallowed to eat:
Cereals: semolina, rice, as well as oatmeal and pearl barley.
Sour-milk low-fat products without additives, home-made is better: cottage cheese (9%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk.
Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.
Offal (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidneys.
Cod and sea bass.
Bread from buckwheat, rice or corn.
Oil: butter, sunflower, olive.
Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower.
Rutabagas, squash, zucchini, turnips.
Broccoli, green salad, spinach, herbs.
Green apples, pears, white currants and cherries, gooseberries.
Compote of apples and pears (also dried), rosehip broth, weakly brewed tea.
Non-carbonated mineral water.
Diet and nutrition for allergies
Food for allergies in children and adults is prescribed in the form of medical tables. The list of products and menus areaccording to dietary tables number 5 and number 9.
In children
An anti-allergic diet in children requires the simultaneous exclusion of products that potentiate the reaction and the preparation of a diet that spares the digestive organs (in children, gastrointestinal dysfunction often occurs due to too heavy food, due to the immaturity of the liver and a smaller amount of enzymes than in adults). It is necessary to use hypoallergenic products with a low content of fats with sufficient consumption of carbohydrates. For thissuitable medical table number 5, with the exception of food immune irritants.
Table number 5
Also used for gastrointestinal dysfunction, diseases of the liver and gallbladder.
Nutrients:
Proteins - 80-90 g / day (in the ratio of animal and vegetable protein 3: 2);
fats - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oils);
carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);
water - 2-2. 5 l / day;
calorie - 2400 kcal / day.
Recommended products:
Bakery products:dried, from bran flour and flour of the 1st grade, yesterday's premium bread, lean cookies.
It is impossible: fresh pastries, muffin.Soups.Vegetable soups with zucchini, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin; milk soups with milk diluted with water (1: 1); with heavily boiled cereals (semolina, oatmeal, rice). For dressing - butter, sour cream, flour.
It is impossible: broths from meat, fish, beans and mushrooms.Meat.Lean types: rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef, pork; cooked without skin and lived. The meat is boiled, steamed in the form of minced meat or a whole piece (chicken).
It is impossible: brains, kidneys, smoked and sausage products, fried meat and cooked in a piece, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meat (pork, beef).Fish.Low-fat varieties, mostly freshwater. Boiled or steam, in the form of cutlets and a whole piece.
It is impossible: fried, in batter, fatty varieties; salted, stewed, canned; caviar.Dairy.Low-fat dairy products: fresh cottage cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk (2. 5%). Milk diluted with water for soups, cereals.
It is impossible: fatty cottage cheese, sour cream, cream; processed and hard cheese; whole and dry milk.Eggs.0. 5-1 piece / day; steamed and boiled.
It is impossible: more than 1 egg per day, other dishes.Cereals.On water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat (limited), vermicelli, semolina and rice soufflé, buckwheat and rice flour.
Not allowed: legumes, millet.Vegetables.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin, broccoli, zucchini, zucchini, boiled or steamed squash, cucumbers.
It is impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickled vegetables, canned food, pickles, beets, radishes, radishes, turnips, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, legumes.Fruits, sweets.Green apples, gooseberries, limited - apricot, white cherries and currants, pears in raw, pureed, boiled form; as part of jelly, mousse, jelly.
Not allowed: sour fruits, exotic fruits, bright red fruits, creams, chocolate, ice cream.Sauces.On vegetable broth, decoction of cereals, with a small amount of low-fat sour cream; with unroasted flour.
It is impossible: mayonnaise, ketchup, on meat, fish, mushroom broths; fatty and spicy dressings.Beverages.Green weak tea without additives; compote of pears, apples and gooseberries; from dried fruits; rosehip decoction.
It is impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (including with lemon); compotes from bright red berries; citrus drinks; carbonated drinks.Fats.Butter - up to 30 g / day; sunflower and olive oil (limited).
The time during which a person must sit on an anti-allergic diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. If, when the diet is canceled, a rash on the skin and manifestations of allergy recurrence appear, the product to which the reaction occurred should be excluded.
Table number 9
It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and allergic diseases. It requires restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, therefore it is prescribed mainly for adults and children with intolerance to lactose, sucrose, etc.
Nutrients:
Proteins: 85-90 g / day (50-60% - animal origin);
Fats: 70-80 g / day (40-45% - vegetable oils);
Carbohydrates - only complex; 300-350 g/day;
Water: 1. 5-2 l/day;
Calorie content: 2200-2400 kcal / day.
Recommended dishes and products:
Flour:bran, protein-bran bread, from flour of the 2nd grade; protein-wheat. Unsweetened cookies and pastries (at the expense of bread).
It is impossible: muffin, puff pastries, products with premium flour.Soups:vegetable; borscht and cabbage soup on a weak broth; beetroot; weak broths from simple meat and fish; okroshka from vegetables / with meat; soups with meatballs (without fat).
It is impossible: rich, fatty broths; mushroom soups; with beans.Meat:lean beef, veal, lamb, pork (tenderloin / cue ball); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; liver (limited). In stewed, boiled, steam form; you can boiled meat after light frying chopped and a piece.
It is impossible: smoked meats, sausages, fatty meat, duck, goose, stew.Fish:lean varieties steamed, lightly fried, grilled, baked without oil. Canned food in tomato (limit).
It is impossible: fatty varieties, exotic varieties of marine fish; seafood; semi-finished products, pickles and canned food in oil; caviar.Dairy:low-fat milk (1. 5-2. 5%), or diluted with water for cereals; fermented milk products of low fat content (cottage cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2. 5%); moderately - sour cream 15%. Unsalted varieties of low-fat cheese (cheese, feta, ricotta).
It is impossible: cream; sweet curds; hard and salty cheeses.Eggs:no more than 1. 5 pcs/day; boiled (soft-boiled, hard-boiled); steam protein omelets; reduce the consumption of yolk.
Cereals:moderately (according to the norm of carbohydrates): millet, pearl barley, buckwheat, barley groats, oatmeal.
Not allowed: legumes, rice, pasta, semolina.Vegetables:potatoes (XE limit), eggplant, cucumbers, tomato and beets (limited), carrots, broccoli, zucchini, squash, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, zucchini, pumpkin. Stewed, boiled, baked dishes; limited - fried.
It is impossible: pickles, conservation.Snacks:vinaigrette, vegetable (zucchini) caviar, fresh salads, soaked herring, fish aspic, meat, diet cheeses (except tofu), beef jelly.
It is impossible: smoked meats, fatty snacks, sausages, lard, snacks with liver and mushrooms, pickles, canned food.Fruits, sweets: fresh fruits and berries (sweet and sour), jellies, masses, sambuca, compotes; sweets with sugar substitute.
Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jam, exotic fruits (banana, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.Sauces, spices:low-fat on vegetable, weak meat and fish broths; limit - tomato sauce, pepper, mustard, horseradish.
Not allowed: fatty sauces with a lot of spices.Beverages:tea without additives, vegetable and fruit juices (unsweetened), rosehip broth.
Not allowed: sugary drinks, soda, grape and other juices from sweet fruits / berries.Fats:lean, olive and unsalted butter.
It is impossible: meat and cooking fat (deep-fried, lard, etc. ).
In breastfeeding mothers
A hypoallergenic diet for a nursing mother avoids reactions to foods in a newborn and reduces gas formation in a baby. Strictdietary restrictions are important in the first 3 months of a baby's life, because:
The nervous regulation of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in newborns);
the digestive system is adapting: previously, the child received nutrients from the mother's blood through the umbilical cord; the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and the production of gastrointestinal hormones are launched, the active production of bile and pancreatic, duodenal, gastric juices;
enzymes in the baby's body are produced in limited quantities. Excess nutrients are not digested, which also causes colic and bloating;
unformed immunity (up to 6 months). Protection of the body is provided by immunoglobulins from mother's milk.
When compiling the diet of lactating women, it is important that it has sufficient calories. Daily energy consumption due to lactation increases by 500 kcal.
Due to the increasing adaptive capabilities of the child's body, the diet for hepatitis B should be as strict as possible in the first 1-2 weeks of the child's life, with a gradual relaxation of food restrictions and the introduction of a small amount of new products.
1-2 weeks
Completely excluded (what is impossibleeateven in small doses)
cocoa and chocolate;
coffee, strong tea;
legumes;
fatty meat, rich broths;
oily and sea fish;
fruit;
white cabbage;
milk;
eggs;
muffin and pastries from premium flour;
honey;
nuts.
Available in limited quantities:
Crackers from flour of the 1st grade, bran flour;
lean varieties of fish;
liver (except birds);
lean beef, chicken;
corn, buckwheat;
butter and olive oil;
green baked apples;
potato;
sugar;
tea.
The basis of the diet is (sparinghypoallergenicfood):
Low-fat dairy products;
lean meat: rabbit, turkey; weak broths from lean meat;
vegetables and broths from them: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; broccoli; patisson, zucchini, zucchini; spinach; some onions and carrots;
cereals: rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, oatmeal; moderately - corn, semolina;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese 5-9%; sour cream 15%; kefir, fermented baked milk, diet cheeses (ricotta, feta, unsalted cheese);
herbal teas (including lactation teas: anise, fennel, dill, chamomile), rosehip decoction, weak green tea without additives;
desserts: crackers from flour of the 1st grade or bran; dried bread with bran (you can - a sandwich with a thin layer of butter no more than 1 piece / day), biscuit cookies (with bran, from premium flour - limited);
2-3 weeks - 1. 5 months
Completely exclude highly allergenic foods, as in the first 14 days, with the exception of:
Milk.Use diluted milk no more than 1-2 times a week for making cereals. If a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the diet of a nursing mother.
eggs.In boiled form, no more than 1 piece / week; in the absence of a reaction in the baby - bring to 1 piece / day, limit the protein.
Gradually introduce into the diet:
Fruits and vegetables characteristic of the yellow and red region:pumpkin, yellow apples (starting with 1/4 apple per day in baked form), banana (from 1/4 per day); increase in potatoes in the diet; beets (boiled with 1 tbsp grated); tomato (start by adding tomato paste (1/2 package for 4 servings) or steamed vegetables (no more than 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); new vegetables are always introduced in a baked / boiled form.
Different types of meat:beef, veal, pork, chicken (low-fat parts - cue ball, tenderloin, etc. ). Increasing liver intake, gradually introducing chicken liver.
Increase your intake of lean fish.
The diet is always adjusted to the child. If the baby has a rash when a new product is turned on, it is immediately removed from the woman's diet.
Up to 3 months, the nervous apparatus of the intestine is not yet formed, so you can not eat food that promotes gas formation and is difficult to digest:
fatty meat, strong broths, lard;
legumes;
heavy fruits and berries rich in fiber and sugar: cherries, grapes, pears.
3-6 months
The main adaptation stage is completed. Now, in the diet of a woman, you can gradually include all foods, except:
Cocoa, chocolate, coffee;
semi-finished products, sausages and smoked meats;
sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);
honey, nuts;
citrus and strawberries.
The rest of the products are introduced gradually, observing the reaction of the baby (the appearance of colic, rashes). It is advisable to include soups with legumes in the diet from 4-5 months of a child's life, starting with 1/4 portion at a time.
In one day, 1 new product is introduced to monitor the condition of the baby. Therefore, borscht and other complex dishes should be eaten after the baby is used to all the ingredients (beets, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).
6-12 months
After 6 months, complementary foods are introduced to children, so you can not adhere to dietary restrictions (except for the above hyperallergens).
Complementary foods start with cereals (buckwheat, rice, wheat), giving 1 teaspoon as the first serving. Porridges are boiled in breast milk and water, without adding fats and spices. For the first feeding, it is allowed to give home-made fermented milk drinks from low-fat (2. 5%) milk: kefir, yogurt without additives and sugar. The child is given only fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).
They begin to introduce complementary foods at lunchtime (12. 00), breastfeed the baby. For a week, the child should adapt to a serving of food that replaces complementary foods. After that, the previously introduced product is given in the morning (8. 00-9. 00), and new products are introduced for lunch.